一些关于 Nginx 配置模板参考

静态网站
托管静态 HTML/CSS/JS 文件

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;
    root /var/www/html;
    index index.html index.htm;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }

    # 静态资源缓存
    location ~* \.(css|js|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|svg|woff|woff2)$ {
        expires 30d;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }
}

反向代理
将请求转发到后端服务

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name api.example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

        # WebSocket 支持
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
    }
}

HTTPS/SSL
启用 SSL 加密和 HTTP 跳转

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/example.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/example.com.key;

    # SSL 安全配置
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_timeout 1d;

    # HSTS
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000" always;

    root /var/www/html;
    index index.html;
}

负载均衡
多后端服务负载分发

upstream backend {
    # 负载均衡策略：轮询(默认)、weight、ip_hash、least_conn
    least_conn;

    server 127.0.0.1:3001 weight=3;
    server 127.0.0.1:3002 weight=2;
    server 127.0.0.1:3003 backup;  # 备用服务器

    keepalive 32;  # 保持连接数
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
    }
}

SPA 单页应用
React/Vue/Angular 等前端应用

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name app.example.com;
    root /var/www/app/dist;
    index index.html;

    # 所有路由都返回 index.html，由前端路由处理
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }

    # API 代理
    location /api/ {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000/;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }

    # 静态资源长缓存
    location /assets/ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }
}

Gzip 压缩
启用响应压缩减少传输大小

http {
    # 启用 gzip
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_min_length 1024;

    # 压缩的 MIME 类型
    gzip_types
        text/plain
        text/css
        text/xml
        text/javascript
        application/json
        application/javascript
        application/xml
        application/xml+rss
        image/svg+xml;
}

限流配置
限制请求频率防止滥用

http {
    # 定义限流区域：10m 内存，每秒 10 个请求
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api_limit:10m rate=10r/s;
    limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=conn_limit:10m;

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name api.example.com;

        location /api/ {
            # 应用限流，burst 允许突发 20 个请求
            limit_req zone=api_limit burst=20 nodelay;
            limit_conn conn_limit 10;  # 每 IP 最多 10 个并发连接

            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000/;
        }
    }
}

CORS 跨域
配置跨域资源共享

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name api.example.com;

    location /api/ {
        # CORS 配置
        add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin "https://example.com" always;
        add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS" always;
        add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers "Authorization, Content-Type" always;
        add_header Access-Control-Allow-Credentials "true" always;
        add_header Access-Control-Max-Age 86400 always;

        # 处理预检请求
        if ($request_method = OPTIONS) {
            return 204;
        }

        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000/;
    }
}

安全响应头
增强网站安全性的 HTTP 头

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name example.com;

    # 安全响应头
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
    add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
    add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';" always;
    add_header Permissions-Policy "geolocation=(), microphone=(), camera=()" always;

    # 隐藏 Nginx 版本
    server_tokens off;
}

PHP-FPM
运行 PHP 应用（如 WordPress）

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    root /var/www/html;
    index index.php index.html;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_buffer_size 16k;
        fastcgi_buffers 4 16k;
    }

    # 禁止访问隐藏文件
    location ~ /\. {
        deny all;
    }
}

重写URL
路径从 /prod-api/code 变成了 /code

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    location /prod-api {
        # 重写 URL，去除前缀
        rewrite ^/prod-api/?(.*)$ /$1 break;
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}